(1) A fourth-grade student at the novice level in mathematics is beginning to attain the prerequisite knowledge and skills that are fundamental. He/she gives responses that exhibit significant difficulty in understanding basic concepts, reasoning, implementing problem solving strategies, and making connections. Basic skills, representations, structure, and process development are severely lacking even though the student may attempt to solve problems. Substantial errors and lack of communication skills hinder the student's progress.

(a) The student demonstrates these abilities under content standard 1 in the areas of:

(i) whole number relationships;

(ii) estimation and operations;

(iii) whole number concepts;

(iv) common fractions and decimals; and

(v) length, time, and temperature.

(b) The student demonstrates these abilities under content standard 2 in the areas of:

(i) representing data;

(ii) evaluating data; and

(iii) likelihood of events.

(c) The student demonstrates these abilities under content standard 3 in the areas of:

(i) two-dimensional attributes;

(ii) three-dimensional attributes;

(iii) basic transformations;

(iv) linear measurement; and

(v) area and perimeter.

(d) The student demonstrates these abilities under content standard 4 in the areas of:

(i) patterns and relations;

(ii) symbols and expressions;

(iii) properties of number and operation;

(iv) equivalent expressions; and

(v) numerical modeling with manipulatives.