(1) The following acts constitute fouls in a mixed martial arts contest or exhibition:

(a) butting with the head;

(b) eye gouging of any kind;

(c) biting;

(d) hair pulling;

(e) fish hooking;

(f) groin attacks of any kind;

(g) putting a finger into any orifice or into any cut or laceration of an opponent;

(h) small joint manipulation;

(i) striking to the spine or the back of the head;

(j) striking downward using the point of the elbow;

(k) throat strikes of any kind, including without limitation, grabbing the trachea;

(l) clawing, pinching or twisting the flesh;

(m) grabbing the clavicle;

(n) kicking the head of a grounded opponent;

(o) kneeing the head of a grounded opponent;

(p) stomping a grounded opponent;

(q) kicking to the kidney with the heel;

(r) spiking an opponent to the canvas on the opponent's head or neck;

(s) throwing an opponent out of the ring or fenced area;

(t) holding the shorts or gloves of an opponent;

(u) spitting at an opponent;

(v) engaging in any unsportsmanlike conduct that causes injury to an opponent;

(w) holding the ropes or the fence;

(x) using abusive language in the ring or fenced area;

(y) attacking an opponent on or during a break;

(z) attacking an opponent who is under the care of the referee;

(aa) attacking an opponent after the bell has sounded the end of the period;

(ab) flagrantly disregarding the instructions of the referee;

(ac) timidity, including without limitation, avoiding contact with an opponent, intentionally or consistently dropping the mouthpiece, or faking an injury;

(ad) interference by the corner person; and

(ae) throwing in the towel during competition.