(1) An eighth-grade student at the novice level in speaking and listening is beginning to attain prerequisite knowledge and skills that are fundamental at each benchmark in speaking and listening. He/she:

(a) seldom recognizes speaking and listening as important processes and has difficulty communicating to develop and maintain personal relationships;

(b) recognizesand applies appropriate types of speaking and listening for limited purposes;

(c) applies a limited range of speaking skills and strategies (e.g., clear purpose, controlled organization, varied support, appropriate language) ;

(d) applies a limited range of listening skills and strategies (e.g., inquiry, note taking, summarizing) , and has difficulty distinguishing between information and opinion, and relating messages to one's experiences;

(e) recognizes the obvious, but incompletely contrasts and seldom compares enjoyable listening experiences;

(f) is beginning to understand communication impacts, and selects limited modifications to speaking and listening behaviors; and

(g) has limited understanding of the importance of communication in our democratic society within a culturally diverse world.