(1) The benchmark for science content standard 2 at the end of grade 8 is that the student will:

(a) classify, describe, and manipulate the physical models of matter in terms of elements and compounds, pure substances and mixtures, and atoms and molecules;

(b) examine, describe, compare, and classify objects and substances based on common physical properties and simple chemical properties;

(c) describe energy and compare and contrast the energy transformations and the characteristics of light, heat, motion, magnetism, electricity, sound, and mechanical waves;

(d) model and explain the states of matter are dependent upon the quantity of energy present in the system and describe what will change and what will remain unchanged at the particulate level when matter experiences an external force or energy change;

(e) describe and explain the motion of an object in terms of its position, direction, and speed as well as the forces acting upon it;

(f) identify, build, describe, measure, and analyze mechanical systems (e.g., simple and complex compound machines) and describe the forces acting within those systems; and

(g) give examples and describe how energy is transferred and conserved (e.g., electric to light and heat [light bulb], chemical to mechanical [fuel to propulsion]) .